被动语态核心公式be done:主动变被动三步法、八大时态被动结构,时态变be不变done
引言
被动语态是中考单选和句型转换的高频考点,但很多同学一看到 be done 就懵。其实被动语态只有一个核心公式:be + 过去分词。记住它,所有时态都能推出来。
核心概念:什么是被动语态
```text
主动:主语做动作
被动:主语被做动作
He cleans the room.(他打扫房间——主动)
The room is cleaned.(房间被打扫——被动)
```
```text
核心公式:be + done(过去分词)
be 随时态、人称、单复数变化
done 永远不变
The room is cleaned by him.(一般现在时被动)
```
主动变被动三步法
```text
第一步:宾语提到主语位置
第二步:谓语改成 be + done
第三步:原主语放到 by 后面(不强调可省略)
Mary cleans the room.
→ The room is cleaned (by Mary).
They built the house in 2010.
→ The house was built (by them) in 2010.
```
八大时态被动结构
```text
一般现在时 am/is/are done
一般过去时 was/were done
一般将来时 will be done
现在完成时 have/has been done
过去完成时 had been done
现在进行时 am/is/are being done
过去进行时 was/were being done
情态动词 can/must/should + be done
口诀:时态变 be,done 永远不变
```
判断一个句子是不是被动
```text
- 找 be + done 结构
- 试着翻译加"被"字,能加通顺就是被动
Trees are planted in spring.(树被种 → 被动)
We plant trees.(种树,无 be done → 主动)
```
实战练习
```text
- The bridge ______ (build) in 2020.
→ was built(一般过去时被动)
- English ______ (speak) all over the world.
→ is spoken(一般现在时被动)
- The work ______ (finish) tomorrow.
→ will be finished(一般将来时被动)
- Trees ______ (plant) in spring.
→ are planted(一般现在时被动)
```
总结
```text
被动语态 = be + done
主动变被动:宾语作主语,谓语改 be done,原主语放 by 后
时态只变 be,done 永不变
口诀:被动看 B(be done),能加"被"字就是被动
```
```text
今日小抄:
The room is cleaned every day.(房间每天被打扫)
The house was built in 2010.(房子建于 2010 年)
被动 = be + done,时态变 be 不变 done
```