抗遗忘单词表科学记忆 · 高效学习

被动语态核心公式be done:主动变被动三步法、八大时态被动结构,时态变be不变done

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引言

被动语态是中考单选和句型转换的高频考点,但很多同学一看到 be done 就懵。其实被动语态只有一个核心公式:be + 过去分词。记住它,所有时态都能推出来。

核心概念:什么是被动语态

```text

主动:主语做动作

被动:主语被做动作

He cleans the room.(他打扫房间——主动)

The room is cleaned.(房间被打扫——被动)

```

```text

核心公式:be + done(过去分词)

be 随时态、人称、单复数变化

done 永远不变

The room is cleaned by him.(一般现在时被动)

```

主动变被动三步法

```text

第一步:宾语提到主语位置

第二步:谓语改成 be + done

第三步:原主语放到 by 后面(不强调可省略)

Mary cleans the room.

→ The room is cleaned (by Mary).

They built the house in 2010.

→ The house was built (by them) in 2010.

```

八大时态被动结构

```text

一般现在时 am/is/are done

一般过去时 was/were done

一般将来时 will be done

现在完成时 have/has been done

过去完成时 had been done

现在进行时 am/is/are being done

过去进行时 was/were being done

情态动词 can/must/should + be done

口诀:时态变 be,done 永远不变

```

判断一个句子是不是被动

```text

  1. 找 be + done 结构
  2. 试着翻译加"被"字,能加通顺就是被动

Trees are planted in spring.(树被种 → 被动)

We plant trees.(种树,无 be done → 主动)

```

实战练习

```text

  1. The bridge ______ (build) in 2020.

→ was built(一般过去时被动)

  1. English ______ (speak) all over the world.

→ is spoken(一般现在时被动)

  1. The work ______ (finish) tomorrow.

→ will be finished(一般将来时被动)

  1. Trees ______ (plant) in spring.

→ are planted(一般现在时被动)

```

总结

```text

被动语态 = be + done

主动变被动:宾语作主语,谓语改 be done,原主语放 by 后

时态只变 be,done 永不变

口诀:被动看 B(be done),能加"被"字就是被动

```

```text

今日小抄:

The room is cleaned every day.(房间每天被打扫)

The house was built in 2010.(房子建于 2010 年)

被动 = be + done,时态变 be 不变 done

```

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