从句连接词到底在句子里干什么:which做宾语可省略、that指代先行词、两个句子合成一句三步法
引言
连接词 which、that 在从句里到底是干什么的?很多同学只会背"指人用 who,指物用 which",却不明白它们的位置和角色。今天讲透:连接词在从句里就是一个"替身"。
核心概念:连接词代替先行词
```text
定语从句 = 把两个句子合成一句
连接词(which/that)= 在从句中代替先行词
The phone is black. + I left the phone on the table.
→ The phone which I left on the table is black.
which 在从句里 = the phone(做 left 的宾语)
```
角色一:做宾语(可省略)
```text
I left the phone on the table.(the phone 是 left 的宾语)
The phone which I left on the table is black.
= The phone I left on the table is black.(which 可省略)
The book that I bought yesterday is interesting.
= The book I bought yesterday is interesting.(that 可省)
```
角色二:做主语(不能省略)
```text
The boy is my friend. + The boy wears glasses.
→ The boy who wears glasses is my friend.
who 在从句里 = the boy(做 wears 的主语,不能省略)
The boy who is reading is my friend. ✓
The boy is reading is my friend. ✗(who 不能省)
```
角色三:指代作用(that = 那个……)
```text
That is the one which I like.
which = the one(那个),在从句中做 like 的宾语
意思:那就是我喜欢的那个
对比疑问句:
Which one do you like?(你喜欢哪个?——疑问词,问对方)
That is the one which I like.(我喜欢那个——关系词,自己回答)
```
合成一句的三步法
```text
第一步:找到两句中相同的名词(the phone)
第二步:把第二句里的它换成连接词(which)
第三步:把含连接词的从句放到名词后面
The phone is black.
I left the phone on the table.
→ The phone which I left on the table is black.
```
实战练习
```text
- The movie ______ we watched is great.(we watched the movie,缺宾语)
→ that/which(可省略)
- The students ______ are reading are in Class One.(做主语)
→ who(不能省略)
- This is the pen ______ I lost last week.(做宾语,可省)
→ that/which
- The house ______ windows are big is ours.(指代"房子的")
→ whose(所有格)
```
总结
```text
连接词 = 从句里的替身,代替先行词
做宾语 → 可省略(which/that)
做主语 → 不能省略(who/that)
whose = 先行词的(所有格)
口诀:宾语可省,主语不省,whose 表所属
```
```text
今日小抄:
The phone which I left on the table is black.
The movie (that) we watched is great.(宾语可省)
The boy who wears glasses is my friend.(主语不省)
```