there be 和 have 有什么区别?别再混用了——三种情况一次分清
引言
there be 和 have/has 都翻译成"有",很多同学混用。其实它们的用法完全不同:there be 表"某地存在",have/has 表"某人拥有"。
抖音上一条「There be 全解」视频把两者的区别分成了三种情况。这篇文章帮你一次分清。
核心区别
```text
there be → 某地存在某物(客观存在)
have/has → 某人拥有某物(所属关系)
```
情况一:可以互换
当描述的物品是空间的配套设施时,两者都可以用:
```text
There is a library in the school.
= The school has a library.
(学校有个图书馆。)
There is a fridge in the kitchen.
= The kitchen has a fridge.
(厨房有个冰箱。)
```
配套设施(房间里的家具、学校里的设施)可以互换。
情况二:只能用 there be
只强调某地有某物,和空间没有配套关系
```text
There is a book on the desk.(桌上有本书。)
```
书不是桌子的配套,不能说 The desk has a book。
```text
There are some pictures on the wall.(墙上有画。)
There is a plane in the sky.(天上有架飞机。)
```
描述地理、自然现象
```text
There is a big lake in Kunming.(昆明有个大湖。)
There are clouds in the sky.(天上有云。)
```
地理名称、自然景观,只能用 there be。
情况三:只能用 have/has
表示所属关系
```text
I have a phone.(我有一部手机。)
She has a beautiful house.(她有一栋漂亮的房子。)
```
明确谁拥有什么,不能用 there be。
表示外貌特征或固有属性
```text
She has long hair.(她留着长头发。)
The elephant has a long trunk.(大象有长鼻子。)
The table has four legs.(桌子有四条腿。)
```
人或物天生具备的特征,只能用 have/has。
一张表总结
```text
情况 用 there be 用 have/has
房间配套设施 ✓ ✓
桌上有本书(非配套) ✓ ✗
地理自然景观 ✓ ✗
某人拥有某物 ✗ ✓
外貌/固有属性 ✗ ✓
```
实战判断
```text
- 我家有三只猫。
→ I have three cats.(所属关系 → have)
- 桌子上有三只猫。
→ There are three cats on the table.(存在 → there be)
- 中国有很多人口。
→ There is a large population in China.(地理 → there be)
- 他有两个姐姐。
→ He has two sisters.(所属 → have)
```
总结
```text
there be = 某地存在(客观位置)
have/has = 某人拥有(所属关系)
配套设施 = 两者都可以
```
```text
今日小抄:
There is a book on the desk. 存在 → there be
I have a book. 拥有 → have
The school has a library. 配套 → have
There is a lake in Yunnan. 地理 → there be
She has long hair. 外貌 → has
```