have been to 和 have gone to 有什么区别？现在完成时高频易错点
引言
现在完成时里最容易考、也最容易错的：have been to 和 have gone to 有什么区别？还有 for/since 怎么用？瞬间动词能不能和 for 连用？
这篇文章把现在完成时的高频易错点一次讲清楚。
have been to vs have gone to
have been to = 去过（已经回来了）
```text
I have been to Beijing.
（我去过北京。——现在已经回来了）
She has been to Shanghai twice.
（她去过上海两次。——现在不在上海）
```
have gone to = 去了（还没回来）
```text
He has gone to Beijing.
（他去北京了。——现在还在北京或在路上）
Where is Tom? He has gone to the library.
（Tom 去哪了？他去图书馆了。——现在不在这儿）
```
对比：
```text
I have been to the park. 我去过公园（回来了）
He has gone to the park. 他去公园了（还没回）
```
for 和 since 的区别
for + 时间段
```text
for 3 years（三年了）
for 2 hours（两小时了）
for a long time（很长时间了）
```
```text
I have lived here for 5 years.（我在这里住了5年了。）
```
since + 时间点
```text
since 2020（自从2020年）
since last year（自从去年）
since I was born（自从我出生）
```
```text
I have lived here since 2020.（我从2020年就住在这里。）
```
转换：
```text
for 3 years = since 2023（假设现在是2026年）
```
瞬间动词不能和 for/since 连用
buy / borrow / leave / die / join 这些瞬间动词，不能和 for/since 连用，要换成延续性动词：
```text
错：I have bought the book for 3 days.
对：I have had the book for 3 days.（buy → have）
错：He has left here for 2 years.
对：He has been away for 2 years.（leave → be away）
错：She has borrowed the pen for a week.
对：She has kept the pen for a week.（borrow → keep）
```
常见转换
```text
buy → have（买 → 拥有）
borrow → keep（借 → 保存）
leave → be away（离开 → 不在）
die → be dead（死 → 死亡状态）
join → be in（加入 → 是成员）
```
一张表总结
```text
表达 意思
have been to 去过（已回）
have gone to 去了（未回）
for + 时间段 持续多久
since + 时间点 自从什么时候
buy → have 瞬间动词换延续性
leave → be away
```
总结
```text
been to = 去过回来了
gone to = 去了没回来
for + 段，since + 点
瞬间动词不能和 for 连用
```
```text
今日小抄：
have been to Beijing 去过北京（回来了）
have gone to Beijing 去北京了（没回）
for 3 years 持续3年
since 2020 从2020年起
buy → have 买了多久用 have
```