抗遗忘单词表科学记忆 · 高效学习

什么时候只能用 that?定语从句最容易考的 5 个特殊情况

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引言

上一篇讲了定语从句关系词的基本选择方法,但考试还会考一些特殊情况——什么时候只能用 that,不能用 which?这是单选题最容易出的考点。

抖音上一条"定语从句满分攻略"视频总结了必须用 that 的情况。这篇文章把初中生最常考的五种特殊情况理清楚。

情况一:先行词是不定代词

先行词是 all、everything、nothing、something、anything、much、little、few 等不定代词时,用 that,不用 which。

```text

Everything that he said is true.

(他说的每句话都是真的。)

There is nothing that I can do.

(我帮不上忙。)

```

情况二:先行词被最高级修饰

先行词前面有形容词最高级(the best、the most、the tallest 等)时,用 that。

```text

This is the best film that I have ever seen.

(这是我看过的最好的电影。)

He is the tallest boy that I know.

(他是我认识的最高的男孩。)

```

情况三:先行词被序数词修饰

先行词前面有序数词(the first、the second、the third 等)时,用 that。

```text

The first thing that I should do is to study hard.

(我应该做的第一件事是努力学习。)

This is the second novel that he has written.

(这是他写的第二本小说。)

```

情况四:先行词被 the only / the very 修饰

先行词前面有 the only(唯一的)或 the very(正是那个)时,用 that。

```text

This is the only book that I have.

(这是我仅有的一本书。)

That is the very man that I saw yesterday.

(那正是我昨天看到的那个人。)

```

情况五:先行词既有人又有物

先行词同时包含人和物时,用 that。

```text

We talked about the people and things that we remembered.

(我们谈论着我们记得的人和事。)

```

对比:什么时候只能用 which

有两种情况不能用 that,只能用 which:

```text

  1. 逗号后面(非限制性定语从句)

-> 用 which,不用 that

  1. 介词后面

-> 用 which,不用 that

```

```text

The book, which I bought yesterday, is very interesting.

(逗号后面 → which)

This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.

(介词 in 后面 → which)

```

一张表总结

```text

必须用 that 的情况:

  1. 先行词是不定代词(everything/nothing/all...)
  2. 先行词被最高级修饰(the best/the most...)
  3. 先行词被序数词修饰(the first/the second...)
  4. 先行词被 the only/the very 修饰
  5. 先行词既有人又有物

不能用 that 的情况:

  1. 逗号后面 → 用 which
  2. 介词后面 → 用 which

```

总结

记住口诀:

```text

不定代词、最高级、序数词、the only、人and物

——这些情况只用 that

逗号后面、介词后面

——这些情况只用 which

```

```text

今日小抄:

the best film that... 最高级 → that

the first thing that... 序数词 → that

the only book that... the only → that

..., which I bought... 逗号后 → which

in which... 介词后 → which

```

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