什么时候只能用 that?定语从句最容易考的 5 个特殊情况
引言
上一篇讲了定语从句关系词的基本选择方法,但考试还会考一些特殊情况——什么时候只能用 that,不能用 which?这是单选题最容易出的考点。
抖音上一条"定语从句满分攻略"视频总结了必须用 that 的情况。这篇文章把初中生最常考的五种特殊情况理清楚。
情况一:先行词是不定代词
先行词是 all、everything、nothing、something、anything、much、little、few 等不定代词时,用 that,不用 which。
```text
Everything that he said is true.
(他说的每句话都是真的。)
There is nothing that I can do.
(我帮不上忙。)
```
情况二:先行词被最高级修饰
先行词前面有形容词最高级(the best、the most、the tallest 等)时,用 that。
```text
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
(这是我看过的最好的电影。)
He is the tallest boy that I know.
(他是我认识的最高的男孩。)
```
情况三:先行词被序数词修饰
先行词前面有序数词(the first、the second、the third 等)时,用 that。
```text
The first thing that I should do is to study hard.
(我应该做的第一件事是努力学习。)
This is the second novel that he has written.
(这是他写的第二本小说。)
```
情况四:先行词被 the only / the very 修饰
先行词前面有 the only(唯一的)或 the very(正是那个)时,用 that。
```text
This is the only book that I have.
(这是我仅有的一本书。)
That is the very man that I saw yesterday.
(那正是我昨天看到的那个人。)
```
情况五:先行词既有人又有物
先行词同时包含人和物时,用 that。
```text
We talked about the people and things that we remembered.
(我们谈论着我们记得的人和事。)
```
对比:什么时候只能用 which
有两种情况不能用 that,只能用 which:
```text
- 逗号后面(非限制性定语从句)
-> 用 which,不用 that
- 介词后面
-> 用 which,不用 that
```
```text
The book, which I bought yesterday, is very interesting.
(逗号后面 → which)
This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.
(介词 in 后面 → which)
```
一张表总结
```text
必须用 that 的情况:
- 先行词是不定代词(everything/nothing/all...)
- 先行词被最高级修饰(the best/the most...)
- 先行词被序数词修饰(the first/the second...)
- 先行词被 the only/the very 修饰
- 先行词既有人又有物
不能用 that 的情况:
- 逗号后面 → 用 which
- 介词后面 → 用 which
```
总结
记住口诀:
```text
不定代词、最高级、序数词、the only、人and物
——这些情况只用 that
逗号后面、介词后面
——这些情况只用 which
```
```text
今日小抄:
the best film that... 最高级 → that
the first thing that... 序数词 → that
the only book that... the only → that
..., which I bought... 逗号后 → which
in which... 介词后 → which
```