被动语态五大时态一次吃透——be done 结构，be 动词随时态变
引言
被动语态是中考语法填空和单选的必考点。很多同学觉得它复杂，其实核心结构就一个：be + 过去分词（done）。变的只是 be 动词，过去分词永远不变。
抖音上一条"中考被动语态五大时态一次吃透"视频把常考结构整理成了五条。这篇文章帮你一次记牢。
核心概念：主动和被动的区别
```text
主动：I clean the classroom every day.（我每天打扫教室。）
被动：The classroom is cleaned every day.（教室每天被打扫。）
```
- 主动：人做事（主语是动作发出者）
- 被动：事被人做（主语是动作承受者）
万能结构
```text
be + 过去分词（done）
```
过去分词永远不变，变的是 be 动词。
五大时态结构
一、一般现在时的被动
```text
am / is / are + done
```
```text
The classroom is cleaned every day.（教室每天被打扫。）
English is spoken in many countries.（很多国家说英语。）
```
二、一般过去时的被动
```text
was / were + done
```
```text
The bridge was built in 1990.（这座桥建于1990年。）
The windows were broken by Tom.（窗户被汤姆打碎了。）
```
三、一般将来时的被动
```text
will be + done
```
```text
The meeting will be held next week.（会议下周举行。）
The project will be finished soon.（项目很快就会完成。）
```
四、现在完成时的被动
```text
have / has been + done
```
```text
The work has been finished.（工作已经完成了。）
Many buildings have been built.（很多楼房已经建好了。）
```
五、情态动词的被动
```text
情态动词 + be + done
```
```text
The homework must be handed in today.（作业必须今天交。）
It can be done tomorrow.（这件事可以明天做。）
```
一张表总结
```text
时态 被动结构
一般现在时 am/is/are + done
一般过去时 was/were + done
一般将来时 will be + done
现在完成时 have/has been + done
情态动词 can/must/should + be + done
```
怎么判断用不用被动
看到句子里有 by + 动作发出者，或者主语是"被做"的对象，就用被动。
```text
The book ____ (write) by Lu Xun.
→ 书是被鲁迅写的 → was written
```
总结
被动语态的核心：
```text
be 动词随时态变，过去分词永远不变
```
```text
今日小抄：
is cleaned 一般现在时被动
was built 一般过去时被动
will be held 一般将来时被动
has been finished 现在完成时被动
must be done 情态动词被动
```